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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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[Innate immunity and transplantation].

Claudio Ponticelli

    Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
    |October 20, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Innate immunity activation in kidney donors worsens transplant outcomes by promoting T cell responses. Regulatory dendritic cells show promise for inducing immune tolerance in transplantation, but clinical data are lacking.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Transplantation immunology
    • Innate and adaptive immunity

    Background:

    • Innate immunity acts as the initial defense against pathogens and is crucial for activating adaptive immunity.
    • Innate immune receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and endogenous danger signals, initiating inflammatory responses.
    • Dendritic cells mature in inflammatory environments, presenting antigens to T cells and bridging innate and adaptive immunity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of innate immunity in kidney donor activation and its impact on transplantation.
    • To investigate the potential of regulatory dendritic cells in inducing immunological tolerance in transplantation.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of innate immunity pathways, including toll-like receptors and complement.

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  • Analysis of innate immune activation in deceased kidney donors due to brain death, cold ischemia, and reperfusion.
  • Examination of experimental studies on regulatory dendritic cell infusion in murine and primate transplantation models.

    • Main Results:

    • Innate immunity activation in donors leads to dendritic cell maturation and complement activation, promoting pro-inflammatory T cell differentiation (Th1, Th17).
    • Experimental evidence suggests regulatory dendritic cells can induce operative tolerance in preclinical transplantation models.
    • No clinical data currently exist on the use of regulatory dendritic cells in human kidney transplantation.

    Conclusions:

    • Innate immune activation in kidney donors contributes to an inflammatory environment that may hinder successful transplantation.
    • Regulatory dendritic cells represent a potential strategy for inducing immune tolerance in transplantation.
    • Further research is needed to translate the potential of regulatory dendritic cells into clinical practice for kidney transplantation.