Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 31, 2026
11:04
Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS
Published on: May 3, 2011
15.2K
Irisin in the Glucose Continuum.
Summary
Irisin levels decrease as glucose tolerance worsens, with the lowest levels found in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This myokine shows potential for identifying T2D and insulin resistance.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Research
- Myokine Function
Background:
- Irisin, a myokine, is implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome pathogenesis.
- Understanding irisin's role across the spectrum of carbohydrate disturbances is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between irisin and carbohydrate metabolism.
- To compare serum irisin levels in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes (PreDM), and T2D.
Main Methods:
- 160 subjects were categorized into NGT (50), PreDM (60), and T2D (50) groups, matched for age, sex, and BMI.
- Standard oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed.
- Serum irisin levels were quantified using ELISA.
Main Results:
- Irisin levels were significantly different across groups: highest in NGT (619 ng/ml), lower in PreDM (314 ng/ml), and lowest in T2D (228 ng/ml).
- Irisin correlated with BMI, fasting glucose, and liver enzymes (ALT, GGT) in both sexes.
- ROC analysis indicated irisin's utility in distinguishing T2D (AUC=0.779) and insulin resistance (AUC=0.679).
Conclusions:
- Serum irisin levels progressively decrease with worsening glucose tolerance.
- Irisin is a potential biomarker for metabolic health, correlating with key biochemical and anthropometric parameters.
Related Concept Videos
01:02Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
5.3K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
5.3K
01:03IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region
2.3K
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
2.3K
01:26Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
37.4K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
37.4K
01:27Glucose Transporters
28.3K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
28.3K
01:19IR Spectrum
3.2K
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
3.2K
01:27Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
3.1K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
3.1K