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Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
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Simultaneous generation of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes using a single phase-only element.

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    A new pattern search assisted iterative (PSI) algorithm enables simultaneous generation of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes using a single element. This method achieves high efficiency and precise control over OAM mode generation and power distribution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Information Optics
    • Metamaterials

    Background:

    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing is a promising technique for increasing optical communication capacity.
    • Generating multiple OAM modes efficiently and with control remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel algorithm for simultaneous generation of multiple OAM modes.
    • To demonstrate the algorithm's performance in terms of efficiency and accuracy.
    • To show the capability of controlling the power distribution among generated OAM modes.

    Main Methods:

    • The pattern search assisted iterative (PSI) algorithm was developed, building upon conventional iterative methods.
    • The PSI algorithm was used with a single phase-only element to generate OAM modes.
    • Performance was evaluated by generating 100 random and 50 evenly spaced OAM modes.

    Main Results:

    • High diffraction efficiency (>93%) was achieved for generated OAM modes.
    • Low relative root-mean-square error (R-RMSE) and standard deviation were observed.
    • The PSI algorithm allows manipulation of relative power distribution by adjusting initial weight coefficients.

    Conclusions:

    • The PSI algorithm offers a robust and efficient method for generating multiple OAM modes simultaneously.
    • This technique provides precise control over OAM mode generation and power distribution.
    • The PSI algorithm has significant potential for applications in optical communications and information processing.