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Related Concept Videos

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Circulating Microvesicles Regulate Treg and Th17 Differentiation in Human Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders.

Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz1, Rebeca Martínez-Hernández1, Ana M Ramos-Leví1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating microvesicles (MVs) are elevated in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), impacting T cell differentiation and inflammation. Platelet MVs increase, while immune cell MVs decrease, suggesting a role in disease pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Microvesicles (MVs) are increasingly recognized for their role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
  • MVs can transfer genetic material, including microRNAs, between cells, mediating immune modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the levels and function of circulating microvesicles in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD).
  • To assess the impact of MVs on T lymphocyte differentiation and inflammatory pathways in AITD.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified plasma levels of annexin-V+ MVs from immune cells and platelets in AITD patients and controls.
  • Performed T lymphocyte polarization assays with MVs to study T regulatory and T helper 17 cell differentiation.
  • Analyzed microRNA content in MVs and their mRNA targets using RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • AITD patients showed increased platelet-derived MVs (CD41a+) and decreased leukocyte/endothelial MVs.
  • AITD MVs inhibited T regulatory cell differentiation and promoted T helper 17 cell differentiation.
  • Circulating MVs in AITD patients had elevated miR-146a and miR-155, with decreased target mRNAs (IL-8, SMAD4).

Conclusions:

  • Circulating microvesicles play a significant role in modulating the inflammatory response in autoimmune thyroid diseases.
  • Specific MV profiles, particularly increased platelet MVs, are associated with immune dysregulation in AITD.