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Related Concept Videos

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Focused terahertz waves generated by a phase velocity gradient in a parallel-plate waveguide.

Robert W McKinney, Yasuaki Monnai, Rajind Mendis

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    |October 20, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We demonstrate focusing of terahertz (THz) beams using a specially designed parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG). This novel method controls beam divergence for potential THz communication applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Waveguide Technology

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) radiation offers unique properties for various applications.
    • Efficiently directing and focusing THz beams in free space remains a challenge.
    • Leaky waveguides provide a mechanism for controlled radiation into free space.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the focusing of a free-space THz beam.
    • To utilize a parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) with gradient plate separation for beam control.
    • To explore the application of this technique in THz communication systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing and fabricating a PPWG with a gradient in plate separation.
    • Launching a TE1 mode within the PPWG, causing it to leak into free space.
    • Experimentally measuring the focusing of the radiated THz beam at 100 GHz and 170 GHz.
    • Comparing experimental results with numerical simulations.

    Main Results:

    • Successful focusing of the free-space THz beam was experimentally achieved.
    • The gradient plate separation effectively controlled the leaky wave angle and beam divergence.
    • Measurements at 100 GHz and 170 GHz validated the focusing concept.
    • Experimental data showed good agreement with numerical simulations.

    Conclusions:

    • A PPWG with gradient plate separation can effectively focus free-space THz beams.
    • This technique offers a method for controlling beam divergence in THz radiation.
    • The proposed concept is promising for developing flat, wide-aperture beam-formers for THz communications.