Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

10.0K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
10.0K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

21.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
21.4K
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

5.0K
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
5.0K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

17.8K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
17.8K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

2.3K
2.3K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

3.9K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

No more waiting: 10 tips to turn kidney transplantation green.

Clinical kidney journal·2026
Same author

Identification, synthesis, and characterization of a unique N-glucuronide of an acid metabolite of camizestrant (AZD9833) in humans.

Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals·2026
Same author

Proxy consent to clinical research participation: how should it be justified?

Medicine, health care, and philosophy·2026
Same author

In vitro gametogenesis, 'social infertility', and the legacy of the Warnock report.

Human fertility (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Use of new approach methodology for hepatic safety assessment of covalent inhibitor drug candidates.

Toxicology research·2025
Same author

Optimization of Potent, Efficacious, Selective and Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Inhibitors Targeting EGFR Exon20 Insertion Mutations.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2024
Same journal

Capable, Unbearably Suffering, and Excluded: People With Mental Illness and the Ethics of Canada's Assisted-Dying Regime.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Transhumanism Without Transindividuation in the Age Without Epochality: Stiegler, Vice, and Radical Human Enhancement.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Between Safeguard and Constraint: Navigating Patient Autonomy in Protective Laws for Medical Assistance in Dying.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Bioethics of Space Exploration: Life, Risk, and Responsibility Beyond Earth.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

The Concept of Harm in Medical Ethics.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

On the Destruction and Humanitarianisation of the Health System in Gaza and the Need for a Biopolitical Bioethics.

Bioethics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.6K

Mitochondrial Replacement: Ethics and Identity.

Anthony Wrigley, Stephen Wilkinson, John B Appleby

    Bioethics
    |October 21, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) can help prevent genetic disorders. Pronuclear Transfer (PNT) is considered embryo modification therapy, while Maternal Spindle Transfer (MST) is selective reproduction, suggesting PNT may be ethically preferred in some cases.

    Keywords:
    ethicsgeneticsidentitymitochondrial replacementreproductive technology

    More Related Videos

    MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells
    11:13

    MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells

    Published on: February 22, 2017

    14.0K
    Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
    07:49

    Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

    Published on: March 17, 2023

    3.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

    An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
    06:05

    An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

    Published on: March 9, 2022

    4.6K
    MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells
    11:13

    MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells

    Published on: February 22, 2017

    14.0K
    Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
    07:49

    Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

    Published on: March 17, 2023

    3.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive medicine
    • Bioethics
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) offer a way to prevent transmission of mitochondrial disorders.
    • Ethical considerations surrounding MRTs are complex and require careful examination.
    • Two primary MRTs, Pronuclear Transfer (PNT) and Maternal Spindle Transfer (MST), are under discussion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the ethical distinctions between PNT and MST.
    • To analyze how concepts of identity influence the ethical evaluation of these techniques.
    • To determine if there is a moral difference in the application of PNT versus MST.

    Main Methods:

    • Philosophical analysis of ethical arguments.
    • Examination of identity concepts in reproductive technologies.
    • Comparative ethical evaluation of PNT and MST.

    Main Results:

    • A significant ethical difference exists between PNT and MST.
    • PNT is characterized as embryo modification therapy.
    • MST is identified as an instance of selective reproduction.

    Conclusions:

    • The ethical evaluation of PNT and MST differs due to their distinct natures.
    • In certain situations, a stronger ethical imperative may exist to utilize PNT over MST.
    • Understanding the ethical nuances of MRTs is crucial for responsible clinical application.