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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

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A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

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Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

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Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions
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Particle jumps in structural glasses.

Massimo Pica Ciamarra1, Raffaele Pastore2, Antonio Coniglio2

  • 1Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy. pastore@na.infn.it coniglio@na.infn.it.

Soft Matter
|October 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural glasses exhibit particle jumps, a rapid motion distinct from slow relaxation. Understanding these particle jumps is key to linking microscopic dynamics to macroscopic relaxation in glasses.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Structural glasses feature particles that move around temporary equilibrium positions.
  • These movements occur via rapid 'particle jumps', much faster than the system's overall relaxation time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on particle jump dynamics in structural glasses.
  • To clarify the understood and unknown features of particle jumps.
  • To examine the role of particle jumps in various glass transition theories.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on particle jump dynamics.
  • Analysis of theoretical frameworks explaining the glass transition.

Main Results:

  • Particle jumps are identified as a fundamental process in glass relaxation.
  • The relationship between short-time particle motion and long-time macroscopic relaxation is explored.
  • Key characteristics of particle jump dynamics are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding particle jump dynamics is crucial for bridging microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of glasses.
  • Further research is needed to fully comprehend particle jump features and their implications for glass transition theories.