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Understanding Physical Developer (PD): Part II--Is PD targeting eccrine constituents?

Mackenzie de la Hunty1, Sébastien Moret1, Scott Chadwick1

  • 1Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.

Forensic Science International
|October 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Physical developer (PD) targets eccrine constituents in fingermarks, but requires other residue components for effective development on porous, wet surfaces. This finding aids in selecting complementary forensic detection methods.

Keywords:
Eccrine materialFingermark developmentLatent fingermarksPhysical developerPorous surfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Trace Evidence Analysis
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Physical developer (PD) is a key technique for developing latent fingerprints on porous, wet substrates.
  • The specific chemical components within fingermark residue targeted by PD remain largely unidentified.
  • Understanding PD's targets is crucial for optimizing its use and selecting complementary forensic methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that Physical Developer targets eccrine constituents in fingermark residue.
  • To compare the development efficacy of PD with indanedione-zinc (Ind-Zn) on natural fingermarks.
  • To elucidate the role of pore secretions and other residue components in PD development.

Main Methods:

  • Successive deposition of natural fingermarks with and without time intervals to allow pore secretion regeneration.
  • Comparative analysis of fingermarks treated with Physical Developer (PD) and indanedione-zinc (Ind-Zn).
  • Evaluation of development intensity on marks with varying residue compositions, including pure eccrine-only samples.

Main Results:

  • Both PD and Ind-Zn showed decreased development intensity with diminished residue amounts.
  • Short time intervals between depositions enhanced development with both PD and Ind-Zn, indicating targeting of pore secretions.
  • PD showed poor development on eccrine-only marks, suggesting the necessity of other residue components (e.g., lipids) for effective PD action.

Conclusions:

  • Physical Developer targets components present in eccrine sweat, but requires additional constituents from natural fingermark residue for optimal performance.
  • The findings suggest that non-water-soluble components in natural residue may protect eccrine constituents during PD processing.
  • Further research is needed to identify the precise combination of eccrine, epidermal, and sebaceous lipids targeted by Physical Developer.