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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.

Janet F Williams, Vincent C Smith,

    Pediatrics
    |October 21, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Prenatal alcohol exposure causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), leading to preventable birth defects and lifelong neurodevelopmental issues. Complete abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy is crucial for prevention and improved outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Pediatrics
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and neurodevelopmental disabilities.
    • Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was first described in 1973, with subsequent research confirming a wide spectrum of adverse effects.
    • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the umbrella term for these effects, with ongoing efforts to refine diagnostic criteria.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the current understanding of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
    • To highlight the preventable nature of alcohol-related birth defects and developmental disabilities.
    • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and intervention for improved outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing scientific literature on prenatal alcohol exposure and its developmental consequences.

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  • Analysis of evidence-based education, prevention, and treatment approaches for FASD.
  • Synthesis of key findings regarding alcohol's impact on fetal development.

    • Main Results:

    • Alcohol-related birth defects and developmental disabilities are entirely preventable with maternal alcohol abstinence.
    • Neurocognitive and behavioral problems associated with prenatal alcohol exposure are permanent.
    • Early diagnosis and therapy can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with FASD.

    Conclusions:

    • No amount of alcohol is safe during pregnancy, regardless of the trimester or type of alcohol.
    • Binge drinking presents a dose-related risk to the developing fetus.
    • Comprehensive prevention, education, and intervention strategies are essential for addressing FASD.