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Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A case report.

Taís Figueiredo de Araújo Lima1, Nilce Sanny Costa da Silva Behrens2, Eduardo Lopes1

  • 1Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.

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Kleine-Levin Syndrome, a rare disorder causing excessive sleepiness, can co-occur with sleep apnea. This case highlights a rare association between these conditions in adolescents.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive sleepiness, cognitive deficits, and behavioral changes.
  • It is often misdiagnosed and primarily affects adolescents, particularly males, with unpredictable symptom frequency and duration.
  • Current understanding suggests hypothalamic dysfunction or a post-infectious autoimmune process as potential causes.

Observation:

  • The case presents a patient with Kleine-Levin Syndrome exhibiting comorbid Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS).
  • KLS patients often have elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), increasing their risk for OSAS.
  • This specific comorbidity is infrequently reported in medical literature.

Findings:

  • The study details a classic presentation of Kleine-Levin Syndrome.
  • It emphasizes the rare co-occurrence of KLS with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.
  • The findings underscore the importance of considering sleep disorders in KLS patients.

Implications:

  • This association suggests a potential link between KLS pathophysiology and sleep-disordered breathing.
  • Early diagnosis and management of OSAS may be crucial for KLS patients with elevated BMI.
  • Further research is needed to explore the interplay between KLS and sleep apnea.