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Infancy narcolepsy: Streptococcus infection as a causal factor.

Danielle Antunes Lopes1, Fernando Morgadinho Santos Coelho2, Marcia Pradella-Hallinan3

  • 1Ambulatory of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Master of Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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|October 21, 2015
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Summary

Streptococcal infections may trigger narcolepsy in children with a specific genetic marker (HLA-DQB1⁎0602). This case report highlights the link between these infections, genetic susceptibility, and the development of narcolepsy with cataplexy.

Keywords:
ChildhoodNarcolepsyStreptococcal infections

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting sleep-wake cycles.
  • Streptococcal infections are hypothesized as a potential environmental risk factor for narcolepsy.
  • Genetic predisposition, particularly the HLA-DQB1⁎0602 allele, plays a significant role in narcolepsy development.

Observation:

  • A case of a child diagnosed with narcolepsy with cataplexy is presented.
  • The child was positive for the HLA-DQB1⁎0602 allele.
  • The child had a documented history of streptococcal infection.

Findings:

  • The study supports the hypothesis linking streptococcal infections to narcolepsy.
  • Anti-streptolysin antibodies were found in 65% of narcolepsy patients, indicating immune response to streptococci.
  • Increased blood-brain barrier permeability following inflammation and fever may facilitate pathogen entry.

Implications:

  • This case reinforces the association between streptococcal infections, HLA-DQB1⁎0602, and narcolepsy in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding these triggers could lead to novel diagnostic or preventative strategies for narcolepsy.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying this association.