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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions in the SHIP-deficient Mouse Model of Crohn Disease-like Ileitis and Fibrosis
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease.

Elizabeth A Novak1, Kevin P Mollen1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|October 21, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) onset and recurrence. This review examines the role of mitochondrial stress and function in IBD intestinal inflammation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves chronic gastrointestinal inflammation.
  • IBD etiology is multifactorial, involving genetics, immunity, microbiota, and environment.
  • Epithelial barrier dysfunction and immune cell influx characterize IBD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mitochondrial function in the context of intestinal inflammation in IBD.
  • To explore the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in IBD pathogenesis.
  • To clarify if mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause or consequence of IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on mitochondrial function in IBD.
  • Analysis of evidence for mitochondrial stress and altered function in IBD patients and models.
  • Examination of hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as oxidative stress and impaired ATP production.

Main Results:

  • Studies show evidence of mitochondrial stress in the intestinal epithelium of IBD patients and experimental colitis models.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction, including oxidative stress and impaired ATP production, is observed in IBD intestines.
  • The causal relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and IBD remains unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
  • Further research is needed to determine if mitochondrial dysfunction causes or results from IBD.
  • Understanding mitochondrial roles may offer new therapeutic strategies for IBD.