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Why is major depression prevalence not changing?

Scott B Patten1, Jeanne V A Williams2, Dina H Lavorato2

  • 1Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Member, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|October 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Despite increased treatment availability, the population burden of major depressive episodes (MDE) has not decreased. Research found no evidence of changing MDE incidence or duration, suggesting a need for improved prevention and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Cross-sectional studiesEpidemiologic studiesMajor depressive episodeMeta-analysisMeta-regressionTime trends

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mental Health Services Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Increased treatment provision for major depressive episodes (MDE) theoretically should reduce population burden.
  • However, current evidence does not support a decrease in MDE burden.
  • Potential reasons include insufficient treatment accessibility, effectiveness, or offsetting trends in incidence or duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate trends in the incidence and duration of major depressive episodes (MDE).
  • To determine if population-level MDE burden has changed over time.
  • To assess the impact of treatment provision on MDE epidemiology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national surveys and a longitudinal study in Canada assessing MDE prevalence.
  • Utilized a short-form Composite International Diagnostic Interview module for depression.
  • Employed meta-regression methods to examine temporal trends in MDE incidence and duration.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant evidence of increasing MDE incidence was found.
  • No evidence indicated a diminishing duration of MDE.
  • The overall epidemiology of major depressive episodes has not demonstrably changed over the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Current findings suggest that existing efforts to prevent MDE or improve treatment volume/quality are insufficient.
  • More effective interventions are required to reduce the population burden of major depressive episodes.
  • Limitations include potential MDE assessment tool insensitivity and inability to assess all offsetting societal factors.