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Signs Observed Among Animal Species Infected with Raccoon Rabies Variant Virus, Massachusetts, USA, 1992-2010.

Xingtai Wang1, Barbara G Werner2, Sandra Smole3

  • 1Bureau of Laboratory Science, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 305 South Street, Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA 02130, USA. xingtai.wang@state.ma.us.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
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This summary is machine-generated.

Aggressive behavior is a key sign of raccoon rabies variant virus (RRV) in wild animals. For pets, multiple clinical signs like disorientation and salivation indicate a higher risk of rabies.

Keywords:
aggressionclinical signsrabid animalsraccoon rabies variant virus (RRV)

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Wildlife Health

Background:

  • Raccoon rabies variant virus (RRV) is endemic in wildlife populations.
  • Understanding clinical signs associated with RRV is crucial for disease surveillance and public health.
  • Previous studies have focused on specific species or limited geographic areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical signs of RRV infection in domestic and wild terrestrial animals in Massachusetts.
  • To identify predictors of rabies in different animal groups (domestic vs. wild).
  • To inform public health recommendations for rabies prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of RRV-infected animal cases from 1992-2010 in Massachusetts.
  • Statistical analysis, including odds ratios (OR), to assess the association between clinical signs and rabies.
  • Comparison of clinical signs in domestic animals versus major wild terrestrial species.

Main Results:

  • Aggression was a significant predictor of rabies in stray cats (OR = 2.3) and various wild species including raccoons (OR = 2.8), skunks (OR = 8.0), gray foxes (OR = 21.3), red foxes (OR = 10.4), woodchucks (OR = 4.7), and coyotes (OR = 27.6).
  • In domestic animals, combinations of signs like ataxia, disorientation, and salivation were more predictive of rabies than single signs.
  • Pets with multiple clinical signs had a significantly higher likelihood of testing positive for rabies (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Aggression is a reliable indicator of rabies in wild terrestrial animals.
  • Multiple clinical signs in pets warrant increased attention for potential rabies infection.
  • Avoidance of aggressive wild animals and heightened awareness for symptomatic domestic animals are recommended public health measures.