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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The joint Simon effect (cSE) is present with virtual non-human agents, especially when they respond in a turn-taking manner. Response mode significantly impacts human-agent interaction studies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Social Robotics

    Background:

    • Human interactions with non-biological agents and devices are increasingly common.
    • Previous research on the joint Simon effect (cSE) with non-human agents yielded inconsistent findings.
    • A key difference in prior studies was the response mode of the co-actor: continuous vs. turn-taking.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically investigate the impact of response mode on the cSE with virtual non-human co-actors.
    • To determine if reliable cSEs occur with diverse virtual non-human agents.
    • To compare cSEs between human and non-human co-actors.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted four experiments manipulating the response mode (continuous vs. turn-taking) of virtual non-human co-actors.
    • Utilized various virtual agents, including a Japanese waving cat, scrambled patterns, and a wooden hand.
    • Measured the size of the cSE across different experimental conditions.

    Main Results:

    • The cSE was significantly larger when the virtual co-actor used a turn-taking response mode compared to a continuous mode.
    • Reliable cSEs were consistently observed across different types of virtual non-human co-actors.
    • No significant difference was found in cSE magnitude between human and non-human co-actors.

    Conclusions:

    • The response mode is a critical factor influencing the presence and magnitude of the cSE in human-non-human interactions.
    • Virtual non-human agents can elicit reliable cSEs, suggesting shared representations in task execution.
    • Findings challenge previous assumptions about the absence of cSEs with non-human agents and highlight the importance of interaction dynamics.