[Complications of knee arthroscopy]

Today, knee arthroscopy is one of the standard interventions performed by an orthopaedist and usually has a low potential for complications.

The surgeon should still be aware of possible problems, and be able to control and explain them to the patient in detail before surgery.

The possible relevant peri-, intra- and postoperative complications of knee arthroscopy are discussed.

Evaluation of the patient's medical history and comorbidities is crucial to successful treatment, in addition to a correct diagnosis and indications with the assistance of appropriate imaging procedures. Nervous and vascular injuries, malplacement of arthroscopy portals, thrombosis, air embolism, material breakage and a possible compartment syndrome constitute the peri-and intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, the most frequent negative events are haemarthrosis, thrombosis, embolism and infection, and the appearance of synovial fistulas. In the case of a joint infection, consistent and immediate diagnosis and therapy are vital for joint preservation. Late complications after arthroscopic interventions include Ahlback's disease, arthrofibrosis and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).

Nowadays, the systematic education of arthroscopic surgeons using simulators, models, and cadavers, in addition to shadowing experienced arthroscopists, is required to offer patients the best therapeutic options.