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Hypercalcemia.

D J Chew1, M Carothers

  • 1Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypercalcemia, or elevated serum calcium, is uncommon in pets but can indicate serious disease. This review highlights malignancy-associated hypercalcemia and cholecalciferol rodenticide toxicity as key causes in dogs and cats.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Hypercalcemia (elevated serum calcium) is uncommon in dogs and rare in cats.
  • It can be a diagnostic marker but also contributes to disease lesions and clinical signs.
  • Hypercalcemia is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on routine bloodwork.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and implications of hypercalcemia in dogs and cats.
  • To emphasize malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
  • To discuss cholecalciferol rodenticide toxicity as an emerging cause of hypercalcemia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hypercalcemia in companion animals.
  • Focus on etiological factors, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approaches.
  • Discussion of treatment strategies for specific causes.

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Main Results:

  • Malignancy is a significant cause of hypercalcemia in dogs.
  • Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) rodenticide ingestion is an increasingly recognized cause of severe hypercalcemia.
  • Clinical signs of hypercalcemia are not always present, making diagnosis challenging.

Conclusions:

  • Hypercalcemia in pets warrants thorough investigation to identify underlying causes.
  • Early recognition of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia and rodenticide toxicity is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Management requires addressing the primary cause and potential complications of hypercalcemia.