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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published on: August 7, 2017
HELP application in multi-infarct dementia
1From the Department of Neurology, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Abstract:
HELP is capable of lowering LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fibrinogen. It has been proven that HELP application has an impact on MID by decreasing plasma fibrinogen, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, thus also reducing whole-blood plasma viscosity, plasma fibrinogen, and red cell transit time. It has been shown that a single HELP treatment in MID is followed by an improvement of the scores obtained from the rating scales employed (Mathew, Mini Mental State Examination, Activities of Daily Living) for as long as 10 days, which was supported by comparison with the scores of a control group. Repeated HELP application (up to five) within 40 days led to an improvement of the test battery values in comparison with base values and those of the respective control group. Further applications (up to 10) of plasmapheresis, however, remained without any remarkable effect on the rating scales employed, with the difference from the corresponding control groups remaining the same.
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