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Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Nanotechnology and bio-functionalisation for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Tina Sedaghati1, Alexander M Seifalian2

  • 1Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.

Neural Regeneration Research
|October 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

New biomaterials incorporating Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid peptide sequences and nanocomposite scaffolds show promise for nerve regeneration. These strategies enhance neuronal cell behavior, aiding repair in critical-sized defects.

Keywords:
biomaterialnanomaterialnanotechnologynerve regenerationpeptidesregenerative medicinestem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve injuries often result in critical-sized defects, hindering natural regeneration.
  • There is a significant clinical need for advanced biomaterials that promote nerve repair.
  • Current strategies require enhancement to effectively stimulate neuronal cell activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in smart biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration.
  • To highlight strategies influencing neuronal cell proliferation, migration, and cell-material interactions.
  • To identify simple, clinically applicable methods for enhancing nerve repair.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published studies on Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid peptide sequences.
  • Analysis of nanocomposite scaffolds utilizing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles.
  • Evaluation of nanofibrous scaffolds designed to influence cellular behavior.

Main Results:

  • Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid peptide sequences promote cell attachment and spreading.
  • Nanocomposite and nanofibrous scaffolds enhance neuronal cell proliferation and migration.
  • These biomaterials facilitate improved cell-material interactions crucial for regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Smart biomaterials incorporating specific peptide sequences and nanoparticle-based scaffolds offer potent strategies for nerve regeneration.
  • These approaches effectively influence key cellular behaviors required for repairing critical-sized nerve defects.
  • The reviewed manipulations are simple and hold potential for clinical application in nerve repair.