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Hormonal response to overfeeding.

G B Forbes1, M R Brown, S L Welle

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|April 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Weight gain through overfeeding increased lean body mass (LBM) in women. This gain was linked to higher levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), testosterone, and insulin, suggesting a combined anabolic effect.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Hormonal responses to energy deficit are documented.
  • The impact of energy surplus on hormonal status and body composition requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hormonal changes during a period of induced weight gain in adult females.
  • To explore the relationship between hormonal status, lean body mass (LBM) accretion, and energy surfeit.

Main Methods:

  • Adult female volunteers underwent a 3-week period of weight gain via mixed diet overfeeding.
  • Hormonal profiles (plasma and urinary) and body composition were assessed before and during the intervention.
  • Key hormones measured included Somatomedin-C/Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (SM-C/IGF-1), testosterone, insulin, and various urinary steroids and catecholamines.

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Main Results:

  • Average weight gain was 4.3 kg, with 46% attributed to lean body mass (LBM).
  • Significant increases were observed in plasma SM-C/IGF-1, testosterone, and insulin concentrations.
  • Elevated urinary 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxysteroids, epinephrine, and creatinine were noted; serum cortisol and triiodothyronine (T3) remained unchanged, while thyroxine (T4) slightly decreased.

Conclusions:

  • The combined anabolic effect of increased SM-C/IGF-1, testosterone, and insulin likely facilitated LBM gain during overfeeding.
  • Energy surfeit, similar to energy deficit, significantly influences blood hormone concentrations.
  • These findings highlight the complex interplay between nutritional status, hormonal regulation, and body composition changes.