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Making ADHD Evident: Data, Practices, and Diagnostic Protocols in Portugal.

Angela M Filipe1

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This study examines how Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed in Portugal, a country where the condition is still gaining medical validation. Findings reveal diagnostic practices vary significantly by setting, highlighting ADHD diagnosis as a situated process.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Anthropology
  • Science and Technology Studies
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Developmental Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a relatively recent medical category in Portugal, undergoing validation.
  • The epidemiology of ADHD in Portugal is largely unknown, and its diagnosis is not primarily evidence-based.
  • Despite uncertainties, ADHD is considered the most prevalent disorder among school-aged children and adolescents by clinicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the global data, local diagnostic protocols, and clinical practices involved in diagnosing ADHD in Portugal.
  • To understand how ADHD is made evident and validated within a specific socio-medical context.
  • To explore the variability in what constitutes ADHD and its meaning across different settings.

Main Methods:

  • Case study approach focusing on ADHD diagnosis in Portugal.
  • Analysis of medical anthropology and science and technology studies perspectives.
  • Examination of global ADHD data, local diagnostic protocols, and clinical practices.

Main Results:

  • ADHD diagnosis in Portugal is not solely reliant on established evidence.
  • Clinical practices and diagnostic protocols are adapted and selectively used in the diagnostic process.
  • The meaning and criteria for ADHD vary depending on the specific setting and context.

Conclusions:

  • The diagnosis of ADHD is a situated process, influenced by local factors and interpretations.
  • Understanding ADHD requires acknowledging the variability in its recognition and definition across different environments.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the epidemiology and standardize diagnostic approaches for ADHD in Portugal.