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DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat VNTR - Fragment Length Analysis FLA
Published on: July 15, 2011
Spatial heterogeneity in projected leprosy trends in India
Cara E Brook1, Roxanne Beauclair2,3, Olina Ngwenya3
1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Leprosy control in India shows slow progress, with stable case detection rates and significant regional variations. Enhanced active case finding correlates with higher detection, but overall trends do not support rapid elimination goals.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, presents with nerve damage and skin lesions, classified as paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB).
- Global targets for leprosy elimination by 2020 included interrupting transmission and reducing grade-2 disabilities.
- Challenges in leprosy control include diagnosis, treatment access, and adherence, impacting transmission rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze leprosy case detection trends in India.
- To assess factors influencing leprosy case detection rates at the district level.
Main Methods:
- Linear mixed-effects regression models were applied to district-level leprosy case detection data from India.
- Correlations were examined between case detection rates and state-level variables like TB incidence and BCG coverage.
Main Results:
- Leprosy in India is endemic with slow decline and significant spatial heterogeneity.
- Enhanced active case finding was linked to increased case detection rates.
Conclusions:
- Trend analysis of new leprosy case detection rates in India does not indicate rapid progress towards control.
- Substantial spatial variations and the impact of active case finding highlight the complexity of leprosy control strategies.
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