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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Murine Atherosclerosis Development.

Vanessa Frodermann1, Janine van Duijn1, Melissa van Pel2

  • 1Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Scientific Reports
|October 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce atherosclerosis by modulating immune responses and improving lipid metabolism. MSC therapy significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesions, cholesterol, and inflammatory markers in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess regenerative and immunomodulatory properties.
  • Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia.
  • The therapeutic potential of MSCs in atherosclerosis requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of MSCs in reducing atherosclerosis.
  • To determine the impact of MSCs on immune cell populations and lipid metabolism in an atherosclerosis mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Adoptive transfer of MSCs into low-density lipoprotein-receptor knockout mice fed a Western-type diet.
  • Analysis of circulating immune cells (T cells, monocytes), serum inflammatory markers (CCL2), and lipid profiles (cholesterol, VLDL).
  • Assessment of atherosclerotic lesion development in the aortic root, including macrophage and T cell infiltration.

Main Results:

  • MSC treatment led to increased regulatory T cells and reduced effector T cells.
  • Significant reductions observed in circulating monocytes (33%) and serum CCL2 levels (77%).
  • Marked improvements in lipid metabolism, including a 33% reduction in serum cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, linked to decreased hepatic lipogenesis.
  • Atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic root was reduced by 33%, with decreased macrophage (56%) and T cell (61%) content.

Conclusions:

  • MSC treatment effectively reduces atherosclerosis in mice by simultaneously targeting inflammatory pathways and improving lipid profiles.
  • MSCs demonstrate a dual effect, ameliorating both immune dysregulation and dyslipidemia associated with atherosclerosis.
  • These findings position MSCs as a promising therapeutic candidate for atherosclerosis.