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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

550
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
550
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

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Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
465
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

884
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

520
Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
06:04

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: August 8, 2025

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Understanding rare comorbidities in TAVR.

Peter C Block1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia.

Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions
|October 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) shows early benefits for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). However, TAVR

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hepatology
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an emerging treatment for aortic stenosis.
  • Chronic liver disease (CLD) impacts patient outcomes in cardiovascular procedures.
  • Early data suggests TAVR may offer morbidity and mortality advantages in CLD patients.

Discussion:

  • Current understanding of TAVR in advanced CLD (Childs C) is limited.
  • The use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during TAVR requires careful consideration in CLD patients with esophageal varices.
  • Risk-benefit assessment for TAVR in sicker CLD populations needs further investigation.

Key Insights:

  • Patients with Childs A and B CLD are potential candidates for TAVR.
  • Technical challenges, such as TEE use, pose specific risks in CLD patients.

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Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement
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Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
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Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement
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  • Further research is crucial to define TAVR's role in severe CLD.

    • Outlook:

    • Expanded research is needed to evaluate TAVR safety and efficacy in advanced CLD.
    • Development of alternative imaging techniques may mitigate risks associated with TEE in CLD patients.
    • Optimizing TAVR protocols for CLD patients could improve long-term outcomes.