Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

5.2K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
5.2K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

3.8K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
3.8K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

6.8K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
6.8K
Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion01:24

Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion

703
Visualize a drone, with its propellers spinning rapidly, hovering mid-air. The fascinating movements and operations of this drone can be comprehended by applying the principle of general plane motion.
As the drone's propellers rotate, an upward force is generated that counteracts the force of gravity, enabling the drone to lift off from the ground. This initial movement of the drone is along a straight path, representing a form of translational motion. In this phase, every point on the...
703
Internal and External Forces01:12

Internal and External Forces

17.0K
Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the object or system. In contrast, internal forces originate inside the system of interest and do not lead to any acceleration. In simpler words, internal forces are forces that act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. External forces are forces that act on an object due to some other object. Therefore, when...
17.0K
Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity01:24

Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity

935
A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
When an external force is exerted, it sets the crank into a rotational movement. This, in turn, instigates the motion of the connecting rod, leading to what is referred to as a general plane motion. This process involves two key points - point A on the connecting rod...
935

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Nature of a Writing System Shapes the Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms for Reading Acquisition.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

The spatiotemporal neural dynamics of action-related features underlying action recognition.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Revealing Key Dimensions Underlying the Recognition of Dynamic Human Actions.

Communications psychology·2025
Same author

Actions at a glance: The time course of action, object, and scene recognition in a free recall paradigm.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2025
Same author

Decoding the physics of observed actions in the human brain.

eLife·2025
Same author

Dissociating goal from outcome during action observation.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2024
Same journal

A Matter of Parameters: Tailored Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Enhances Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuit Resonance.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Proactive visual and motor prioritization differentially scale with cue reliability.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Yao et al., "Estrogen Regulates Bcl-w and Bim Expression: Role in Protection against β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Neuronal Death".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Erratum: L'Episcopo et al., "Plasticity of Subventricular Zone Neuroprogenitors in MPTP (1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine) Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Involves Cross Talk between Inflammatory and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways: Functional Consequences for Neuroprotection and Repair".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Representations of subsecond duration-based timing by complex spike synchrony in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The extended language network: Language-responsive brain areas whose contributions to language remain to be discovered.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding
11:25

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Published on: July 26, 2013

44.3K

Decoding Internally and Externally Driven Movement Plans.

Giacomo Ariani1, Moritz F Wurm1, Angelika Lingnau2

  • 1Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38100 Mattarello, Italy.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain encodes movement plans differently based on whether they are internally chosen or externally instructed. Abstract movement plans are represented in parietal and motor cortices, while specific plans are found in premotor and prefrontal areas.

Keywords:
MVPAdecodingfMRIfree choicemovement planningmovement selection

More Related Videos

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.3K
A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
06:58

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Published on: November 6, 2015

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding
11:25

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Published on: July 26, 2013

44.3K
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.3K
A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
06:58

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Published on: November 6, 2015

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • The human brain prepares for action by encoding upcoming movements within parietofrontal networks.
  • Movement planning can be initiated either internally (decision-making) or externally (sensory cues).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To distinguish brain regions representing abstract movement plans versus those specific to internally or externally driven plans.
  • To investigate the neural basis of movement selection and preparation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Main Methods:

  • Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data from human participants.
  • A delayed-movement paradigm involving planning precision grip, power grip, or no-hand-shaping movements.
  • Comparing brain activity during externally instructed versus internally chosen movements.

Main Results:

  • Abstract movement plans, generalizable across internal/external drivers, were found in parietal cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and primary motor cortex.
  • Internally driven movement plans showed specific representations in ventral premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and other regions.
  • Externally driven movement plans were associated with activity in supplementary motor areas, suggesting stimulus-response mapping.

Conclusions:

  • The findings differentiate brain regions involved in abstract movement representation, internal selection, and external stimulus-response mapping.
  • This research advances the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying movement planning.
  • The results may inform the development of brain-controlled neural prosthetic devices.