Localization of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow

In the bone marrow, megakaryocytes are located in the extravascular space, applied to the abluminal surface of endothelium. In this position, they send cytoplasmic projections into the lumen. Some of these projections are organelle free and may serve to anchor the cell to the endothelium. They could also serve to monitor the circulation and to receive information as to the requirement of the body for platelet formation. Megakaryocytes also send organelle containing projections into the lumen. This may be an early step in the migration of these cells into the lumen or, alternatively, part of the proplatelet formation. These proplatelets are 2.5 x 120 microns elongated structures that penetrate the lumen and can each subsequently make 1000 platelets. Each megakaryocyte can make six to eight proplatelets. In the perisinal position, megakaryocytes may subserve an adventitial function as well; many blood cells can then take a transmegakaryocytic route to reach the endothelium and enter the circulation.