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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

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Do All Dinoflagellates have an Extranuclear Spindle?

Eunyoung Moon1, Seung Won Nam2, Woongghi Shin2

  • 1LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.

Protist
|October 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Syndinean dinoflagellates, key to understanding early dinoflagellate evolution, exhibit an intranuclear spindle, not the expected extranuclear type. This finding suggests an evolutionary shift from extranuclear to intranuclear spindles in this group.

Keywords:
AmoebophryaSyndineadinoflagellatemitosisparasiteultrastructure.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Syndinean dinoflagellates are basal alveolate endoparasites crucial for studying early dinoflagellate evolution.
  • A shared characteristic of syndineans and core dinoflagellates is closed mitosis with an extranuclear spindle.
  • The phylogenetic position of syndineans makes them vital models for understanding dinoflagellate evolutionary history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nuclear morphology and mitosis in the syndinean dinoflagellate Amoebophrya sp. from Akashiwo sanguinea.
  • To determine if the extranuclear spindle is a universal feature across all dinoflagellates.
  • To elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of spindle formation in dinoflagellates.

Main Methods:

  • Protargol silver impregnation.
  • DNA-specific fluorochrome staining.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • Amoebophrya sp. from A. sanguinea possesses an intranuclear spindle, challenging the assumption of a universal extranuclear spindle in dinoflagellates.
  • The extranuclear microtubule cylinder in Amoebophrya sp. invades the nucleoplasm through membrane fusion events.
  • The observed spindle transitions into a fully intranuclear structure during mitosis.

Conclusions:

  • The intranuclear spindle in Amoebophrya spp. may represent an evolutionary adaptation from an ancestral extranuclear spindle.
  • These findings necessitate a taxonomic re-evaluation of the Amoebophryidae family.
  • The study highlights the diversity of mitotic mechanisms within dinoflagellates.