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Related Concept Videos

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Identifying Caspases and their Motifs that Cleave Proteins During Influenza A Virus Infection
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Aquatic viruses induce host cell death pathways and its application.

Latif Reshi1, Jen-Leih Wu2, Hao-Ven Wang3

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No 1. University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1. University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, ROC.

Virus Research
|October 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aquatic viruses manipulate host cell death pathways to replicate. Understanding these mechanisms is key to developing new therapies for aquatic viral diseases and improving aquaculture health.

Keywords:
BadBcl-2MitochondriaNecrotic cell deathNervous necrosis virusRNA interferenceRNA viral genomeROSViral death inducer

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Aquaculture

Background:

  • Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that hijack host cell machinery for replication.
  • Aquatic viral infections are a growing concern due to increased aquaculture operations.
  • Host-virus interactions involve modulation of cell death pathways for survival and replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms aquatic viruses use to induce host cell death.
  • To explore how viruses exploit apoptotic pathways for their life cycle.
  • To highlight the potential for therapeutic strategies against aquatic viral diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on aquatic virus-host interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular and cell culture approaches.
  • Discussion of various cell death pathways (Bad-mediated, mitochondria-mediated, ROS-mediated, Fas-mediated).

Main Results:

  • Aquatic viruses employ diverse strategies to control host cell lifespan.
  • Viral modulation of apoptosis is essential for successful viral replication.
  • Specific cell death circuits are targeted by different aquatic viruses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding viral manipulation of apoptosis offers insights into disease pathogenesis.
  • This knowledge can drive the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research into aquatic viral mechanisms is crucial for disease management in aquaculture.