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Ocular Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases.

Elena Generali1, Luca Cantarini2, Carlo Selmi3,4

  • 1Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|October 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular complications are common in rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren syndrome. Early recognition and management of eye issues, such as scleritis and uveitis, are crucial to prevent vision loss.

Keywords:
ANCA-associated vasculitisBiologicsRheumatoid arthritisSpondyloarthritisSystemic lupus erythematousUveitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic autoimmune diseases frequently involve the eyes, affecting structures like the episclera, sclera, cornea, and uvea.
  • Ocular manifestations can be inflammatory, vascular, infectious, or iatrogenic, stemming from treatments like hydroxychloroquine or corticosteroids.
  • Conditions range from episcleritis and scleritis to keratitis and uveitis, with potential for severe vision impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform non-ophthalmologists about major ocular complications associated with rheumatic diseases.
  • To outline specific management and treatment strategies for these eye conditions.
  • To highlight the diagnostic implications of certain ocular findings in rheumatic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on ocular manifestations in systemic autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.
  • Synthesis of information on clinical presentation, diagnostic features, and therapeutic approaches.
  • Focus on conditions relevant to clinicians managing patients with rheumatic diseases.

Main Results:

  • Eye involvement is a common and potentially sight-threatening complication of rheumatic diseases.
  • Specific conditions like episcleritis in rheumatoid arthritis and uveitis in spondyloarthritis can be diagnostic indicators.
  • Management often involves addressing the underlying systemic disease, though specific ocular treatments may be necessary.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must be aware of the spectrum of ocular complications in rheumatic diseases.
  • Prompt recognition and management, guided by the underlying systemic condition, are essential to prevent blindness.
  • Ocular involvement can sometimes provide crucial diagnostic clues for rheumatic diseases.