Serious impact of poor planning shown

This article analyses the design, project management, and construction work entailed in of the renovation of the emergency department and surgical suite of an old, highly complex healthcare facility in Caracas which has a School of Medicine, and encounters high patient throughput due to its location in the centre of the metropolitan area of Caracas. The project, involving an area of 3,000 m, had to overcome obstacles including security, the site's location, and its immediate environs. The article describes the remodeling project, and some of the lessons learned, in some detail.