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CREDIBILITY, PEER REVIEW, AND NATURE, 1945-1990.

Melinda Baldwin

    Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
    |October 27, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nature

    Area of Science:

    • Scientific publishing
    • History of science
    • Peer review evolution

    Background:

    • Examining Nature's editorial policies during and after World War II.
    • Focus on the Brimble-Gale and Maddox editorial eras.
    • Investigating the journal's approach to scientific refereeing.

    Observation:

    • The Brimble-Gale editorship (from 1939) featured an unsystematic approach to external refereeing.
    • Papers were often published based on editorial trust rather than systematic peer review.
    • Successor John Maddox also published papers without external review.

    Findings:

    • Systematic external peer review was not mandated at Nature until David Davies became editor in 1973.
    • Journals could maintain scientific respectability in the 1960s without rigorous peer review.

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  • Editorial discretion significantly influenced publication decisions.

    • Implications:

    • Highlights the historical variability in scientific journal peer review standards.
    • Suggests that 'scientific respectability' was not solely dependent on peer review until later in the 20th century.
    • Provides context for the evolution of modern scientific publishing practices.