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nZVI injection into variably saturated soils: Field and modeling study.

Ahmed I A Chowdhury1, Magdalena M Krol2, Christopher M Kocur1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Nano-scale zero valent iron (nZVI) effectively reduced groundwater contaminants like trichloroethene (TCE) by over 99%. Field tests and modeling confirmed nZVI mobility in soils, crucial for optimizing remediation strategies.

Keywords:
CompSimField studyNano-scale zero valent ironNumerical simulation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Geochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nano-scale zero valent iron (nZVI) is widely applied for in-situ groundwater remediation.
  • Previous research indicates significant contaminant reduction post-nZVI application.
  • Limited data exists on nZVI field-scale mobility and transport in subsurface environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reactivity and transport properties of carboxymethyle cellulose (CMC) stabilized nZVI in variably saturated soils.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of nZVI in reducing trichloroethene (TCE) concentrations.
  • To model nZVI transport using a numerical simulator and assess influencing factors.

Main Methods:

  • A field test involving the injection of 142L of CMC-stabilized nZVI into a variably saturated zone.
  • Collection and analysis of groundwater samples for chlorinated solvents and geochemical indicators.
  • Three-dimensional, three-phase numerical simulation (CompSim) to model nZVI and polymer transport.

Main Results:

  • CMC-stabilized nZVI achieved >99% reduction in groundwater TCE concentrations.
  • The CompSim model accurately predicted field head data without parameter fitting.
  • nZVI migration was radially outward, governed by injection velocity and viscosity; 1D transport models may overestimate travel distance.

Conclusions:

  • On-site synthesized nZVI particles demonstrate mobility in variably saturated subsurface soils.
  • Numerical simulation is a valuable tool for optimizing nZVI field application designs.
  • Understanding nZVI transport dynamics is critical for effective in-situ remediation.