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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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Circadian mRNA expression: insights from modeling and transcriptomics.

Sarah Lück1, Pål O Westermark2

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian circadian clocks, regulated at the cellular level, generate rhythmic mRNA expression. This review examines challenges in charting these rhythms and highlights outstanding questions in the field.

Keywords:
BiostatisticsCircadianPost-transcriptional regulationSystems biologymRNA expression

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Circadian clocks are endogenous biological timekeepers synchronizing organisms to environmental cycles.
  • These cellular clocks persist under constant conditions and drive rhythmic gene expression.
  • Mammalian circadian output involves rhythmic mRNA expression affecting thousands of transcripts across cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the methods and findings in charting circadian output rhythms in mRNA expression in mammals.
  • To highlight statistical, interpretive, and quantitative challenges in circadian transcriptomics.
  • To identify and outline key outstanding questions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies charting circadian output rhythms in mammalian mRNA expression.
  • Analysis of challenges in statistical analysis and interpretation of high-throughput transcriptomic data.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge and identification of research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Circadian clocks influence a vast number of mRNA transcripts in mammals.
  • Significant statistical and interpretive challenges exist in analyzing circadian transcriptomic data.
  • Quantitative descriptions of circadian output remain an area needing further development.

Conclusions:

  • Charting mammalian circadian output rhythms is complex, facing ongoing statistical and interpretive hurdles.
  • Further research is needed to refine methods for quantitative description and interpretation of circadian transcriptomics.
  • Addressing outstanding questions is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of mammalian circadian biology.