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Childhood obesity: a (re) programming disease?

S T Paes1, C F Gonçalves1, M M Terra1

  • 11Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora,Juiz de Fora,MG,Brasil.

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Early life metabolic programming, influenced by nutrition and exercise, significantly impacts childhood obesity development. Environmental factors during pregnancy and childhood play a crucial role in epigenetic modifications related to obesity.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Metabolic Health
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern.
  • Metabolic (re)programming is increasingly recognized as a key factor in obesity development.
  • Epigenetic modifications are proposed mechanisms linking early life exposures to long-term metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the effects of metabolic (re)programming on childhood obesity.
  • To analyze international findings on the role of epigenetics in childhood obesity.
  • To provide a theoretical basis for understanding early life influences on obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE databases (June-August 2014).
  • Keywords used: children obesity, epigenetic, metabolic programming, exercise, nutrition.
  • Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied to 132 eligible abstracts, resulting in 50 selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Most studies linked obesity development and treatment to epigenetically stimulated metabolic programming.
  • Early life exposures, including nutrition and exercise, were associated with altered metabolic behavior.
  • These epigenetic changes can occur during pregnancy and childhood, potentially delaying or initiating obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood obesity development is strongly linked to metabolic programming influenced by early environmental factors.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms mediate the impact of nutrition and exercise on obesogenic metabolic behavior.
  • Understanding these early programming effects is crucial for childhood obesity prevention and treatment strategies.