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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence
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Linking estrogen receptor β expression with inflammatory bowel disease activity.

Marina Pierdominici1, Angela Maselli2, Barbara Varano3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Oncotarget
|October 27, 2015
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Summary

Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression is reduced in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. This ERβ downregulation, linked to interleukin-6, may serve as a biomarker for disease activity.

Keywords:
Immune responseImmunityImmunology and Microbiology SectionT lymphocytescytokinesestrogen receptorsinflammationinflammatory bowel disease

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has poorly understood pathogenesis.
  • Estrogens play a complex role in inflammation, with emerging evidence linking them to IBD development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in the pathogenesis of active CD and UC.
  • To determine if ERβ expression levels correlate with disease activity and treatment response in IBD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified ERβ expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes and colonic mucosa of CD/UC patients and healthy controls.
  • Assessed ERβ expression in relation to disease activity (active vs. remission) and anti-TNF-α therapy response.
  • Investigated the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on ERβ expression in T lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells.

Main Results:

  • Significantly reduced ERβ expression in T lymphocytes of active CD/UC patients compared to those in remission and healthy controls.
  • Higher ERβ expression in T lymphocytes of anti-TNF-α responsive IBD patients versus non-responsive patients.
  • Markedly decreased ERβ expression in colonic mucosa of active IBD patients, mirroring peripheral blood findings.
  • Inverse correlation between ERβ expression and IL-6 serum levels; IL-6 exposure downregulated ERβ in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • ERβ expression is altered in active IBD patients at both systemic and mucosal levels.
  • IL-6 dysregulation contributes to ERβ downregulation in IBD.
  • T cell-associated ERβ shows potential as a biomarker for endoscopic disease activity in IBD.