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Mechanical origin of aftershocks.

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  • 1Department of Mathematics and Physics and CNISM, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy.

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Earthquake aftershocks are influenced by fault geometry, affecting their size and distribution. A model combining a heterogeneous elastic crust and a viscoelastic asthenosphere explains these earthquake interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • * Seismology and Earthquake Physics
  • * Geophysics and Tectonophysics

Background:

  • * Aftershocks provide key evidence for earthquake interactions, but their underlying physical mechanisms remain debated.
  • * Recent studies highlight the influence of faulting style on the temporal and magnitude organization of aftershocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the relationship between fault geometry and aftershock zone size.
  • * To identify stable correlations in aftershock occurrence across different magnitudes and regions.
  • * To develop a physical model explaining aftershock triggering.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of aftershock data, focusing on the influence of fault geometry.
  • * Statistical analysis of correlations in aftershock parameters (time, energy, space).
  • * Development of a geophysical model incorporating crustal heterogeneity and asthenospheric viscoelasticity.

Main Results:

  • * The size of the aftershock zone is directly dependent on the fault geometry.
  • * Positive correlations among temporal, energetic, and spatial parameters of aftershocks are consistently observed.
  • * These correlations are stable across various magnitude ranges and geographic locations.

Conclusions:

  • * A model simulating Earth's crust as a heterogeneous elastic medium coupled with a Maxwell viscoelastic asthenosphere successfully explains experimental findings.
  • * Heterogeneous stress distribution and viscous flow coupling are sufficient to describe the physics of aftershock triggering.
  • * The study provides a unified framework for understanding earthquake aftershock dynamics.