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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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A Magnetic Microbead Occlusion Model to Induce Ocular Hypertension-Dependent Glaucoma in Mice
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MicroRNA target prediction in glaucoma.

Giovanni Luca Romano1, Chiara Bianca Maria Platania1, Stefano Forte2

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Progress in Brain Research
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies common microRNAs (miRNAs) deregulated in glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and Alzheimer's disease. These findings highlight potential miRNA biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.

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GlaucomaMicroRNANeurodegenerative diseasesRetinal disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and a leading cause of blindness.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share common pathological pathways with glaucoma.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating gene expression and are implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microRNA (miRNA) regulation in glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases using in silico approaches.
  • To identify common deregulated miRNAs across glaucoma, AMD, and AD.
  • To explore the potential of these miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Bibliographic search and data mining of miRNA-disease databases (HMDD, miR2Disease).
  • Prediction of deregulated miRNAs using microrna.org.
  • Enrichment analysis of miRNA pathways using DIANA-miRPath v.2.0.

Main Results:

  • Literature search identified 8, 9, and 23 deregulated miRNAs in glaucoma, AMD, and AD, respectively.
  • Common miRNAs were found between glaucoma and AMD (miR-23a), and glaucoma and AD (miR-29a, miR-29b).
  • In silico prediction revealed nine miRNAs (miR-107, miR-137, miR-146a, miR-181c, miR-197, miR-21, miR-22, miR-590, miR-9) commonly deregulated across glaucoma, AMD, and AD, potentially regulating inflammation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Specific miRNAs are commonly deregulated across glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases.
  • These common miRNAs represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets for treatment.
  • Further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings.