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Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations - I01:26

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When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
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Kinematic Equations - II01:17

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The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...
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The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
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When analyzing one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration, the problem-solving strategy involves identifying the known quantities and choosing the appropriate kinematic equations to solve for the unknowns. Either one or two kinematic equations are needed to solve for the unknowns, depending on the known and unknown quantities. Generally, the number of equations required is the same as the number of unknown quantities in the given example. Two-body pursuit problems always require two...
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A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...
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Consider a lawn roller with a mass of 100 kg, a radius of 0.2 meters, and a radius of gyration of 0.15 meters. A force of 200 N is applied to this roller, angled at 60 degrees from the horizontal plane. What will be the angular acceleration of the lawn roller?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
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Run kinematics with and without a jogging stroller.

Rory O'Sullivan1, Damien Kiernan1, Ailish Malone1

  • 1Gait Laboratory, Central Remedial Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.

Gait & Posture
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Running with a jogging stroller alters trunk, pelvis, and hip movement but not knee or ankle kinematics. Consider flexibility exercises for the spine, pelvis, and hips when running with a stroller.

Keywords:
Jogging strollerbiomechanicsgait analysiskinematics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Science
  • Human Movement Analysis

Background:

  • Jogging strollers are popular for parents who run.
  • Limited research exists on the biomechanical effects of stroller running.
  • No prior studies have investigated joint kinematics during stroller running.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare lower limb and trunk kinematics while running with and without a jogging stroller.
  • To identify kinematic differences that may influence injury risk or performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen participants ran at a self-selected speed on an indoor runway.
  • Three-dimensional trunk and lower limb kinematics were captured using an active marker system.
  • Kinematic data were collected with and without a jogging stroller.

Main Results:

  • Running with a stroller reduced trunk movement in transverse and coronal planes.
  • Increased forward trunk lean and anterior pelvic tilt were observed.
  • Decreased hip extension occurred, with no significant changes in knee or ankle kinematics, stride length, cadence, or stance time.

Conclusions:

  • Jogging strollers cause minor kinematic changes in the trunk, pelvis, and hips.
  • Knee and ankle kinematics remain unaffected.
  • Flexibility exercises for the spine, pelvis, and hips may be beneficial for stroller runners.