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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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cncRNAs: Bi-functional RNAs with protein coding and non-coding functions.

Pooja Kumari1, Karuna Sampath1

  • 1Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV47AJ, United Kingdom.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bi-functional RNAs, termed coding and non-coding RNAs (cncRNAs), possess both protein-coding and regulatory roles. Further functional analysis is crucial for accurately classifying RNA molecules as coding, non-coding, or both.

Keywords:
Bi-functional RNADual function RNANon-coding RNAProtein-codingRNA processingRNA structureRegulatory RNAcncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Traditionally, messenger RNA (mRNA) was primarily recognized for protein-coding. High-throughput sequencing revealed pervasive transcription and RNA-mediated gene regulation.
  • Discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) expanded the understanding of RNA functions beyond protein synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe the emerging class of bi-functional RNAs, termed coding and non-coding RNAs (cncRNAs).
  • To highlight the diverse functions of identified cncRNAs across species from bacteria to humans.
  • To advocate for functional analysis-based classification of RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on RNA functions.
  • Identification and functional characterization of cncRNAs across different organisms.

Main Results:

  • Several annotated ncRNAs demonstrate protein-coding potential.
  • Some protein-coding RNAs exhibit regulatory functions independent of their encoded proteins.
  • Identified cncRNAs play diverse roles in cellular systems from bacteria to humans.

Conclusions:

  • Bi-functional RNAs (cncRNAs) represent a significant new category of molecules in cellular systems.
  • Accurate classification of RNAs requires thorough functional investigation.
  • The study underscores the complexity of the transcriptome and RNA functions.