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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

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The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Author Spotlight: Improving Radiation Therapy Access with Radiation Planning Assistant
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[The need for a paradigm shift in radiotherapy].

Árpád Mayer1, Csilla Katona1, Róbert Farkas1

  • 1Uzsoki Utcai Kórház Budapest, Uzsoki u. 29-41., 1145.

Orvosi Hetilap
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Advanced radiotherapy techniques improve cancer treatment precision and expand treatment options. Novel methods enable better tumor targeting and control, even for widespread metastatic disease.

Keywords:
alterated fractionationhagyományostól eltérő frakcionálásoligometastasisoligometasztázisokradiation injurisolid tumorsstereotactic radiosurgery or radiotherapystereotaxiás sugársebészet-sugárterápiasugaras károsodásszolid tumoroktumor hypoxiatumoros hypoxia

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Radiation Physics

Context:

  • Radiotherapy has evolved significantly over the last decade.
  • Advances in imaging, informatics, and radiobiology have improved local tumor control.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the advancements in radiotherapy techniques and their impact on clinical practice.
  • To discuss the expanded indications for radiotherapy, including oligometastatic disease.

Summary:

  • Novel radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated arc therapy (volumetric modulated arc therapy), allow for precise tumor targeting and optimal radiation dosage.
  • Image-guided and respiratory-gated techniques are crucial for treating extracranial oligometastases, including liver, lung, and spinal cord metastases, with stereotactic radiotherapy.

Impact:

  • Improved precision in defining tumor volumes and surrounding tissues.
  • Enhanced ability to increase radiation dosage within the target volume while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.
  • Expanded therapeutic possibilities, including curative-intent radiotherapy for previously untreatable metastatic conditions.