Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 31, 2026
Laparoscopic Anatomical Right Hemihepatectomy via the In Situ Anterior Approach
Published on: August 8, 2025
An optimized procedure for stained bloodless anatomic hepatectomy in canines
Jianpeng Li1, Fei Xue1, Xianghua Xu1
1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Research Institute of Advanced Surgical Techniques and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, China.
Background:
Poloxamer 407 (P407) is a thermosensitive polymer that can gelatinize at body temperature and dissolve below critical temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate an optimized procedure for hepatectomy, in which the target liver section was stained with methylene blue, and the blood inflow was occluded with P407.
Methods:
Twelve dogs were randomized into two equal groups. The conventional group (CG) underwent unstained liver resection with the hemi-Pringle maneuver for blood control. After angiography, the optimized group (OG) was cannulated to the target lobar hepatic artery via the femoral artery and to the target segmental portal vein via a branch of the splenic vein. The artery was then occluded with P407, whereas the vein was administered methylene blue and P407 sequentially before excision along the stained border. Blood specimens and necropsy were acquired periodically.
Results:
The stained resection margins were clearly visualized and were accompanied by negligible blood loss. The occlusion duration was significantly reduced from 24.5 ± 2.3 min in the conventional group to 18.5 ± 4.9 min in the OG (P < 0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were less elevated in the OG postoperatively. No significant evidence of pathology was detected in either group.
Conclusions:
This optimized procedure represents an easy, time-saving and effective approach for stained anatomic hepatectomy with temporary intravascular blood occlusion.
