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Related Experiment Videos

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

J P Fillastre1, G Raguenez-Viotte

  • 1U 295, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie de Rouen, Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France.

Toxicology Letters
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Cisplatin, a common cancer drug, can harm kidneys. Pre-hydration and slower infusion rates may reduce this cisplatin nephrotoxicity, with carboplatin being a safer alternative.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy agent for various carcinomas.
  • Clinical application of cisplatin is associated with significant toxicities, including nephrotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin.
  • To discuss the mechanisms and clinical management of cisplatin-induced kidney damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
  • Analysis of preclinical data (rat models) and clinical observations in patients.

Main Results:

  • Cisplatin accumulates in the renal cortex, causing proximal tubule damage.
  • Early decreases in renal plasma flow and increased urinary enzymes are observed.

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  • Electrolyte imbalances (hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia) are frequent.

    • Conclusions:

    • The exact mechanism of cisplatin nephrotoxicity is unclear but may involve biotransformation and reactive metabolites.
    • Pre-hydration, slower infusion rates, and potentially calcium blockers can mitigate nephrotoxicity.
    • Carboplatin presents a preferable alternative due to a lower incidence of adverse effects.