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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Internalizing and externalizing traits predict changes in sleep efficiency in emerging adulthood: an actigraphy

Ashley C Yaugher1, Gerianne M Alexander1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Poor sleep quality in young adults is linked to higher impulsivity and depression. Better sleep efficiency can reduce depression, with gender playing a role in sleep patterns.

Keywords:
actigraphyantisocial personalityemerging adultexternalizing disordersimpulsivityinternalizing disorderspsychopathologysleep

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sleep Science
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Sleep disruption is associated with internalizing and externalizing disorders.
  • Previous research supports a link between psychopathology and sleep disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between sleep, impulsivity, antisocial personality traits, and internalizing traits in a university sample.
  • To extend existing research on sleep and psychopathology to a young adult population.

Main Methods:

  • 386 university students (18-27 years) wore actigraphs for 7 days.
  • Participants completed validated questionnaires: Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  • Analyses included correlational, bidirectional, and moderation analyses examining sleep, personality, and psychopathology.

Main Results:

  • Higher impulsivity predicted poorer subjective sleep quality in both sexes.
  • Elevated depression levels predicted poorer subjective sleep quality.
  • Improved sleep efficiency was associated with decreased depression.
  • Gender moderated sleep efficiency, with marginal effects observed.

Conclusions:

  • Findings in a university sample reinforce the link between sleep disturbances and psychopathology.
  • Impulsivity and depression are significant predictors of poor sleep quality in young adults.
  • Sleep quality may play a role in the development of psychopathology during young adulthood.