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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

68
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
68
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

34
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
34
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

38
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
38
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

36
The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
36
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

37
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
37
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

32
The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
32

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Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
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Human Microbiome Engineering: The Future and Beyond.

Arunava Kali1

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, India .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome, crucial for health, can be engineered using genetic engineering. Recombinant DNA technology offers novel ways to modify skin and mucosal microbes for therapeutic benefits.

Keywords:
Genetic engineeringMicrobial floraMicrobiome engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Human Biology

Background:

  • The human microbiome, comprising skin and mucosal microbes, significantly impacts health and disease.
  • These microbes play roles in metabolism, immunity, inflammation, neuro-endocrine regulation, and cancer response.
  • Genetic engineering, a breakthrough since the 1970s, has revolutionized bio-molecule synthesis and drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the novel concept of engineering the human microbiome.
  • To explore the potential of recombinant DNA technology in modifying resident microflora.
  • To achieve unprecedented therapeutic goals through microbiome engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recombinant DNA technology.
  • Modifying the genome of critical microflora components.
  • Applying genetic engineering principles to microbial communities.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of engineering microbial genomes.
  • Opened new avenues for therapeutic applications via microbiome modification.
  • Established a foundation for future research in synthetic biology and personalized medicine.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering the human microbiome holds significant potential for advancing health and disease management.
  • Recombinant DNA technology provides a powerful tool for targeted microbiome interventions.
  • This approach represents a novel frontier in medical research and biotechnology.