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Atypical mitochondrial inheritance patterns in eukaryotes.

Sophie Breton1, Donald T Stewart2

  • 1a Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.

Genome
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typically follows strict maternal inheritance (SMI). Studying rare exceptions, like paternal leakage and biparental inheritance, offers insights into mtDNA evolution and its link to sex determination.

Keywords:
ADN mitochondrialdétermination du sexeheteroplasmyhétéroplasmiemitochondrial DNAmitochondrial inheritancepaternal leakagesex determinationtransmission mitochondrialetransmission paternelle occasionnelle

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is primarily maternally inherited in eukaryotes, a phenomenon known as strict maternal inheritance (SMI).
  • The evolutionary drivers behind the predominance of SMI are not fully understood.
  • Deviations from SMI are observed across various eukaryotic taxa, suggesting diverse underlying molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary significance of non-canonical mtDNA inheritance patterns.
  • To understand how studying exceptions to SMI can illuminate fundamental biological questions.
  • To review current knowledge on unusual mtDNA inheritance, including paternal leakage, biparental inheritance, and doubly uniparental inheritance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of studies on eukaryotes exhibiting atypical mitochondrial DNA inheritance.
  • Discussion of potential genetic and molecular factors controlling mtDNA transmission.
  • Analysis of the correlation between unusual mtDNA inheritance systems and reproductive strategies.

Main Results:

  • Atypical mtDNA inheritance patterns, such as stable heteroplasmy, paternal leakage, biparental inheritance, and doubly uniparental inheritance, are documented in diverse eukaryotes.
  • These unusual systems are often associated with specific sexual systems like gynodioecy, monoecy, or andromonoecy.
  • Potential genes and mechanisms governing these varied inheritance patterns are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Studying deviations from strict maternal inheritance is crucial for understanding the evolution of mtDNA transmission.
  • Atypical mtDNA inheritance provides insights into the coevolution of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
  • Mitochondrial inheritance mechanisms may play a role in the evolution of sex determination in certain organisms.