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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
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Autophagy in stem and progenitor cells.

Carlo Rodolfo1,2, Sabrina Di Bartolomeo1,2, Francesco Cecconi3,4,5

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is vital for stem cell function and homeostasis. This review explores its regulation in various stem cell types, highlighting knowledge gaps and recent advances.

Keywords:
AutophagyProgenitor cellsStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Autophagy is a conserved cellular process for degrading and recycling damaged components via autophagosomes and lysosomes.
  • It is crucial for cell homeostasis, development, tissue remodeling, and responses to infection and aging.
  • Dysfunctional autophagy is implicated in diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding autophagy regulation in stem cells.
  • To highlight the roles of autophagy in embryonic, tissue, cancer, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
  • To identify current knowledge gaps in stem cell autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on autophagy and stem cells.
  • Synthesis of findings on autophagy regulation mechanisms.
  • Analysis of autophagy's role across different stem cell types.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy is essential for stem cell quality control and homeostasis.
  • Significant progress has been made in understanding autophagy in various stem cell populations.
  • Key regulatory pathways and their impact on stem cell fate are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining stem cell function and integrity.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate autophagy's complex roles and regulation in diverse stem cell types.
  • Understanding stem cell autophagy may offer therapeutic strategies for diseases involving stem cell dysfunction.