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Updated: Mar 31, 2026
Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Published on: March 1, 2024
Rehabilitation Charges Associated With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Joanne Y Zhang1, Jeremiah R Cohen2, Michael G Yeranosian3
1Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina joanne.zhang@dm.duke.edu.
Background:
Pre- and postoperative rehabilitation are important to the management of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but little attention has been given to the costs. This study evaluated the pre- and postoperative rehabilitation charges in patients with ACL reconstruction in the United States.
Hypothesis:
Patients receive preoperative rehabilitation less commonly than postoperative rehabilitation.
Study Design:
Retrospective database study.
Level Of Evidence:
Level 4.
Methods:
Using the PearlDiver database, we identified patients undergoing ACL reconstruction from 2007 through 2011 using Current Procedural Terminology codes. The associated rehabilitation charges billed to insurance providers for 90 days preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively were categorized as physical therapy or as durable medical equipment (DME). The charges were examined by year and geographic region and represented as per-patient average charges (PPACs).
Results:
A total of 92,179 patients were identified in the study period. The PPAC for rehabilitation was $241 during the 90-day preoperative period and $1876 for the 6-month postoperative period. Patients averaged 2 preoperative sessions for physical therapy, with 44% of patients receiving preoperative rehabilitation in contrast with an average of 17 postoperative sessions per patient in 93% of patients. Rehabilitation charges were greater postoperatively than preoperatively (P < 0.05). Preoperatively, 24% of patients received a DME, while 35% received a DME postoperatively. Preoperative rehabilitation PPACs were highest in the Northeast, followed by Midwest, South, and West (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative rehabilitation PPACs for geographic region (P = 0.43).
Conclusion:
Preoperative rehabilitation charges were lower than postoperative charges. A patient undergoing ACL reconstruction typically received 9 times more sessions of postoperative physical therapy than preoperative.
Clinical Relevance:
This study found that preoperative supervised rehabilitation for patients with ACL reconstruction was infrequent across the United States.
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