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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Purposive Learning01:22

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Perception01:28

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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Parallel Processing01:20

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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Exogenous Attention Enables Perceptual Learning.

Sarit F A Szpiro1, Marisa Carrasco2

  • 1Psychology Department sarit.szpiro@nyu.edu.

Psychological Science
|October 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Exogenous attention cues can accelerate perceptual learning, a form of brain plasticity. This learning persists even without cues, suggesting enhanced visual perception.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Perceptual learning enhances visual perception through brain plasticity but is typically slow and requires extensive training.
  • The mechanisms underlying the acquisition of perceptual learning remain understudied.
  • Investigating methods to accelerate learning acquisition is crucial for understanding and optimizing training protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if manipulating visual attentional cues can potentiate the acquisition of perceptual learning.
  • To investigate the role of exogenous attention in enabling and sustaining learning.
  • To explore the underlying neural mechanisms by which attention influences perceptual learning.

Main Methods:

  • A novel protocol was developed using task-irrelevant exogenous cues to manipulate attention during training.
Keywords:
attentionlearningperceptionvision

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  • Participants were divided into groups based on attentional cue conditions.
  • Perceptual learning was assessed by measuring changes in visual perception before and after training, with and without cues.

    • Main Results:

    • Training with exogenous attention cues successfully enabled the acquisition of perceptual learning.
    • The learned improvements in visual perception were maintained when participants were tested under neutral conditions, indicating a lasting change.
    • This study is the first to isolate and demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous attention in facilitating perceptual learning.

    Conclusions:

    • Exogenous attention can significantly enhance and accelerate the acquisition of perceptual learning.
    • The observed maintenance of learning suggests that exogenous attention induces robust changes in visual perception.
    • We propose that exogenous attention boosts perceptual learning by improving the encoding of sensory information.