Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.4K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.4K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.9K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.9K
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

4.1K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
4.1K
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

6.0K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
6.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

3.3K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.3K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

13.5K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
13.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Uncommon histopathological features of cytomegalovirus encephalitis and measles inclusion body encephalitis on autopsy in two patients with primary immunodeficiency.

Clinical neuropathology·2022
Same author

Isolation & identification of anti-inflammatory constituents of Randia dumetorum lamk. fruit: Potential beneficial effects against acute lung injury.

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2022
Same author

Getting to the roots of <i>Cicer arietinum</i> L. (chickpea) to study the effect of salinity on morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular traits.

Saudi journal of biological sciences·2022
Same author

Recurrent urinary tract infection and estrogen shape the taxonomic ecology and function of the postmenopausal urogenital microbiome.

Cell reports. Medicine·2022
Same author

The diagnostic utility of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibody for rheumatoid arthritis in the Indian population.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India·2022
Same author

The spectroscopic and computational study of anthracene based chemosensor - Ag<sup>+</sup> interactions.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
05:47

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Published on: August 7, 2018

8.2K

Aromatic Sulfonium Polyoxomolybdates: Solid-State Photochromic Materials with Tunable Properties.

Ashwani Kumar1, Manisha Devi1, Narsimha Mamidi1

  • 1School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh (India) http://faculty.iitmandi.ac.in/∼pradeep/

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

New aromatic sulfonium polyoxometalate (POM) hybrids show tunable photochromic behavior. These materials exhibit faster coloration than aliphatic counterparts and catalyze 4-nitrophenol reduction.

Keywords:
catalysiscrystallographyionic liquidsphotochromismpolyoxometalates

More Related Videos

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

7.0K
A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles
12:51

A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

Published on: November 14, 2015

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
05:47

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Published on: August 7, 2018

8.2K
High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

7.0K
A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles
12:51

A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

Published on: November 14, 2015

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Polyoxometalates (POMs) are versatile inorganic clusters with tunable properties.
  • Developing novel counter-ions is crucial for functionalizing POMs.
  • Aromatic sulfonium motifs offer potential for structural and electronic fine-tuning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Design and synthesize novel aromatic sulfonium POM hybrids.
  • Investigate their photochromic properties.
  • Evaluate their catalytic activity in organic transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of aromatic sulfonium triflate ionic liquids (HPDST, APDST).
  • Formation of aromatic sulfonium POM hybrids [(HPDS/APDS)n[XMo12 O40]].
  • Photochromic testing under UV irradiation and kinetic analysis.
  • Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol using photoreduced POM hybrids.

Main Results:

  • HPDST and APDST exhibit ionic liquid behavior.
  • Synthesized POM hybrids display reversible photochromism (yellow to green/blue) upon UV exposure.
  • APDS-based hybrids show faster coloration kinetics (shorter t1/2) than HPDS-based hybrids.
  • The photochromic response is faster than previously reported aliphatic sulfonium POM hybrids.
  • Photoreduced POM hybrids effectively catalyze the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.

Conclusions:

  • Aromatic sulfonium counter-ions provide a viable route for designing functional POM hybrids.
  • Alkyl substitution on the phenolic group allows fine-tuning of photochromic properties.
  • These novel POM hybrids demonstrate potential applications in photochromic materials and catalysis.