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Leadership solves collective action problems in small-scale societies.

Luke Glowacki1, Chris von Rueden2

  • 1Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA lukeglowacki@gmail.com.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|October 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leadership in small-scale societies often stems from leaders possessing valuable capital like knowledge, physical size, or social ties. This capital enhances leadership effectiveness, particularly in resolving conflicts to maintain group cohesion.

Keywords:
collective actioncooperationforagersleadershippastoralists

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Leadership is crucial for collective action and sociopolitical complexity in human societies.
  • Understanding leadership in small-scale societies provides insights into early human social structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the traits of leaders and the contexts influencing institutionalized leadership.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins of leadership and collective action.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral data collected from Tsimane forager-horticulturalists (Bolivia) and Nyangatom nomadic pastoralists (Ethiopia).
  • Analysis of leader attributes and the conditions under which leadership becomes institutionalized.

Main Results:

  • Leaders typically possess greater capital, including age-related knowledge, larger body size, and extensive social connections.
  • These attributes reduce leader costs and increase leadership efficacy.
  • Leadership becomes more institutionalized in collective action domains, such as conflict resolution, where group integrity is threatened.

Conclusions:

  • Leadership traits, particularly accumulated capital, are vital for overcoming collective action problems in small-scale societies.
  • Institutionalized leadership emerges in contexts critical for group survival and integrity.